As a matter of fact, this statement is inaccurate for ice hockey players, given a substantial amount of playing time is spent gliding on both feet and forward skating itself includes both a double- and single-support phase, where players have bilateral support for 80% of the stride duration ( 5). “I train on one leg because I run/skate on one leg!” is a common argument for proponents of unilateral training. Given my background, I will link these to ice hockey specific training. I will briefly give three examples that illustrate the limitations of the approach taken by many sports coaches and some S&C coaches. This outcome should help us critically review the limitations of the traditional interpretation of training specificity. However, the scope of an S&C coach is to prepare the athlete for the sport in order to optimise potential for the athlete’s performance. Programming decisions are context-specific and should not be evaluated without a thorough understanding of the constraints and possibilities available to the coach, as well as the desired outcome. My goal with this article is to discuss the limitations of this philosophy and to propose an outcome-focussed, adaptation-led approach to programming that would result in an individually optimised transfer to sport performance. Such an approach is exercise-centred, and I would argue that a strength and conditioning (S&C) coach would not optimise his/her programming by implementing it. These demands may be defined by mechanical similarity, as proposed by Verkhoshansky and Siff ( 6) with the criteria of dynamic correspondence which include characteristics such as muscle action and movement velocity, or physiological demands, considering factors such as work duration, intensity, and work-to-rest ratio. In order to optimise transfer of training, athletes should therefore perform activities with demands that are similar to performance in their sport. The principle of specificity states that adaptations to training are specific to the nature of the training stimulus. Periodisation of training for sports performance commonly evolves from general to specific training, where the dichotomy between general and specific training exercises and methods is represented by the level of similarity of the training exercise to the sporting skill.
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